1. Introduction. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is a vital ingredient in the construction industry, and it is utilized in the production of concrete as well [1], [2].Carbon dioxide emissions from the manufacturing of OPC into the atmosphere were significant, and the environment was severely contaminated as a result of the process [3], [4], [5], [6].An …
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Rajamane et al. [26] reported sulfate resistance of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete for 3 months in 5% Na 2 SO 4 and 5% MgSO 4 solutions. The weight loss in samples was 2.4% only. There was 2–29% loss of compressive strength as compared to 9–38% in the OPC concrete.
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Sodium sulfate as an activator significantly affect the early strength of FA-based geopolymer, but it has a different impact on FA with high Fe 2 O 3 content (Velandia et al., 2016). Sodium and potassium-based alkali activators are the most commonly …
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The OPC matrix with blended FA and EMs was found to increase the CS performance up to 30.5 MPa at the early age of 3 days, which was significantly higher than the pristine OPC (23.2%) and 10% FA (23.7%). Besides, the FA and EMs-based specimens achieved the highest CS of 42.49 MPa as compared to pristine OPC (33.9 MPa) and FA …
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Overview. Crystal SLES & SLS free is a Melt and Pour soap base made without synthetic surfactants sodium lauryl sulfate & sodium laureth sulfate. This soap base is ideal for the manufacture of mild, translucent soap bars. Features.
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This study investigates the simultaneous effect of nano-silica and nano-alumina with and without polypropylene fiber on the chemical-resistant of alkali-activator mortar (AAM) exposed to (5% Sulfuric Acid, 5% Magnesium Sulphate, and 3.5% Sodium chloride) attack. Design-expert software provided the central composite design (CCD) for …
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Sodium sulphate is a solid inorganic salt well soluble in water (161-190 g/l at 20 oC) with a melting point of 884 oC and density of 2.7 g/cm 3. In water solutions it is fully dissociated to sodium and sulfate ions. In water sodium sulfate completely dissociates into sodium and sulfate ions. The ions cannot hydrolyse. In
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The OPC concrete produced low compressive strength compared with RHA10 and RHA20 concrete when subjected to sodium sulfate, and the strength deteriorated after 90 days (see Fig. 1).
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The studies above also agree with Zheng et al., who revealed that the resistance of AAM mortars to sodium sulphate is better than OPC mortar under dry–wet cycling. The compressive strength coefficient of AAM mortars was better than the cement mortar after 75 cycles. Fig. 5.
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In this research, the sodium carbonate extraction (SCE) method was used to determine the sulfates content in Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and Calcium …
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Visit ChemicalBook To find more Sodium sulfate() information like chemical properties,Structure,melting point,boiling point,density,molecular formula,molecular weight, physical properties,toxicity information,customs codes. You can also browse global suppliers,vendor,prices,Price,manufacturers of Sodium sulfate(). At …
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The AAMs concrete performed better than OPC in sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution, and similarly 51 to OPC in magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution [13]. In general AAMs are reported perform equivalently to or ... 67 sulfate (MgSO4) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) reagents. 68 The X-ray diffraction pattern of the FA and GGBFS is shown in Figure 1. …
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Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms differ for the sulfate and sodium ions confined in the gel pore of C-S-H: while sodium ions are connected onto the non-bridging oxygen sites by Na-Onb ...
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Abstract. This paper presents the effect of sodium sulphate (Na2SO 4) on concrete produced with OPC Concrete. Na2SO 4 dosage with 1, 2, 4, 10, 15 and 20 g/lit added in water and the same water is ...
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Abstract. This paper presents some results of the experimental investigation on the sulfate resistance of concrete immersed in 5% Na2SO4 and 5% MgSO4 solutions for periods of 3 and 6 months. …
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1. Introduction. Sulfate attack is an important durability and serviceability concern for geopolymer materials used in construction. Previous experience with Portland cement and blended cement concretes showed cases of concrete deterioration when exposed to sulfate attack in the environment [1], [2], [3].Studies of the sulfate attack on …
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Context 1 ... of volume [1]. In this research, 5% of Na 2 SO 4 was used to represent extremely severe sulfate exposure according to ACI 318-08. At each cycle (wetting-drying), the solution was...
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The chemical and mineralogical compositions in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) were determined and cement which is low of C 3A is more easily exposed to sulfate environment. The relation between ...
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OPC sodium sulphate: 60.12: 41319.13: 0.00204: 2342.23: 2.16: 6.92: ... Sodium sulphate has significant detrimental impact on the compressive strength of geopolymer concretes due to leaching of sodium hydroxide when interacting with sodium sulphate. Therefore, the study highlighted the need to investigate the effect of sodium …
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Figure 2 e shows the FA/OPC and OPC samples at 1100 days of exposure to sodium sulphate; the FA/OPC did not show signs of damage on the surface nor cracks, in contrast with the OPC concrete samples. This coincided with the low expansion values of the FA/OPC samples at this age of exposure (0.14%) compared with the 2.40% …
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activators. e calcium formate, sodium sulfate, and cement clinker were added as 4%, 8%, and 12% of total binder by mass, respectively. An additional specimen was used as a control mixture without y ash. e detailed mixture pro-portions of CTB samples are presented in Table 3. e tailings, binder, y ash, and water with di…erent
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The differences in reaction product constitution are brought out using thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. 29Si NMR spectroscopy coupled with Gaussian …
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This paper summarizes the results of sulfate resistance study of carbonated mortar specimens made with Solidia Cement (SC) and tested for expansion according to ASTM C1012 specification while exposed to three types of soak solutions: sodium sulfate,
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This work assessed the durability performance of concrete made with ordinary portland cement (OPC), portland pozzolana cement (PPC), OPC + 20 % fly ash, and OPC + 30 % fly ash subjected to sulfate-only and to conjoint chloride–sulfate environments. Results indicated that the degree of surface deterioration of the concrete was mitigated in …
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The researchers in conducted a study to evaluate the effect of sodium and magnesium sulfate attacking OPC paste while an electric field was present. The results showed that ettringite was formed initially but broke down later to make gypsum. Thermodynamic modeling shows that the pore solution's alkalinity dropped drastically …
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Chlorine and sulphur species in cement and similar inorganic materials can be analysed by using ion chromatography only after their conversion into chloride and sulphate, respectively. One method of achieving this is the oxidative decomposition of such materials, e.g., sodium peroxide fusion in Parr oxygen bomb or sodium carbonate …
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The action of added sodium sulfate (Na2 SO 4) leading to increased reactivity and early strength in slag: cement binders remains unclear. In this study, early …
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This study investigated the durability analysis of geopolymer concrete and conventional concrete specimens, which includes the seawater condition (5% NaCl), sulphate attack (5% sodium sulphate or 5% magnesium sulphate), acid attack (5% sulphuric acid), freezing–thawing, and wetting–drying tests as per the ASTM. In the …
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chloride solutions on four mix designs (OPC, sulfate resistance and slag cements with 50 and 70% replacement) by monitoring mass and length changes. Water cement ratio ... and combined sodium sulfate-sodium chloride solutions for 510 days. Sulfate ions concentration was 33800 ppm and sodium chloride content was 3.5%. Effect of silica …
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In this paper we have studied the effect of sodium sulphate on the hydration of fly ash composite cement in the presence of a polycarboxylate type superplasticizer with a brand name Glenium 51. 2. Experimental 2.1. Materials Portland® cement (OPC) obtained from Vikram Cement, India was used for hydration studies. The Oxide and mineralogical ...
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The AAMs concrete performed better than OPC in sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solution, and similarly 51 to OPC in magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) solution [13]. In general AAMs are …
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Some details about the use of sodium sulphate in making glass, sodium sulphide, and wood pulp are given on pages 33-36. MINERALOGY OF PRINCIPAL COMPOUNDS OF SODIUM SULPHATES Mirabilite. Hydrated sodium * sulphate, Na2S04 .10H20. Com position, sodium sulphate (Na2S04), 44.1 per cent; water (H20), 55.9 per cent.
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In this paper, gravimetric method is used as a reference to evaluate the applicability of SCE method for sulfate content test in the CSA and OPC cement system. …
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Figure 12 is the SEM images of OPC exposed to different concentrations of sodium sulfate solution after 150 days. It can be seen that the OPC structure without sulfate erosion is complete, the cement matrix is compact, and there are only a few initial micro-cracks on the surface of structure (Fig. 12 a).
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Performance is assessed as the reduction in expansion of SCM – OPC blends with a range of replacement rates compared to an OPC control when exposed to sodium and magnesium sulfate environments. In general, replacement rates of >10% fly ash, >20% slag, 3–20% silica fume, and 5–25% metakaolin were found to improve …
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Over 3 months of storing in sodium sulfate solution, the most significant expansion and deterioration occur in case of samples with aluminum hydroxide. ... B. Lothenbach, A. Hori, et al., "Hydration Mechanism of Quick Hardening Cement Based on OPC Blended with an Amorphous Calcium Aluminate," 18th Internationale Baustofftagung (IBAUSIL ...
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