Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RK-EF) process is the main pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production from nickel laterite ores. Coal is used as a common fuel for calcination of nickel ...
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Lateritic Nickel Ore Processing While sulfide nickel ores are processed via upgrading to concentrates and then smelting, this approach is not applicable to laterite ores. A variety of approaches are available to …
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China is smelt to produce ferronickel (comprising nickel-contained pig iron) the first big country with laterite-type nickel ore in the world, and big or small hundreds of smeltery is arranged.Wherein, smelting process used has respectively blast furnace process, local method sintering-electric furnace reduction smelting, sintering machine …
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Nickel slags can be produced through ferronickel preparation by the pyrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ores; however, such techniques are underutilized at present, and serious environmental problems arise from the stockpiling of such nickel ores. In this study, a modification to the process of ferronickel preparation …
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Extraction and refining. The extraction of nickel from ore follows much the same route as copper, and indeed, in a number of cases, similar processes and equipment are used. The major differences in equipment are the use of higher-temperature refractories and the increased cooling required to accommodate the higher operating temperatures in ...
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The chemical composition of the nickel laterite ore used as the raw material for the calcination experiments was determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (Table 1).The ore contains various oxides, including SiO 2, Fe 2 O 3, MgO, Al 2 O 3, and NiO.The compounds present in the raw laterite ore were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Thermal characteristics of the limonite laterite ore types have been studied using TG / DTA. There are four endothermic peaks at 250, 646, 900, and 1023 °C with a total mass loss of 10.07wt%. These four peaks correspond to the XRD results on samples calcined at 600-1000 °C.
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When the calcination temperature is controlled at 800 °C for limonite laterite ore, 1000 °C for saprolite laterite ore and 900 °C for transition laterite ore, the nickel recovery could reach 68.5%, 68.9% and 67.3%, respectively, while the nickel contents in magnetic fraction are 3.01%, 3.23% and 3.15% with increasing by 1.82, 2.27 and 2.11 ...
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The calcination temperature and time in the selective calcination process were studied to obtain appropriate iron removal condition, and approximately 44% Fe was removed under the other valuable metal extractions are constant. ... Using ammonium sulfate roasting laterite nickel ore-ammonium jarosite iron precipitation and hydrolysis …
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The treatment of laterites has been a research hotspot in extractive metallurgy over the past decades. Industrially, the pyrometallurgical treatment of laterites is mostly accomplished with a well-established method, namely, the rotary kiln–electric arc furnace (RKEF) process, which includes three main operations—calcination, …
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Compared with nickel sulfide ore, nickel laterite ore has the characteristics of low nickel content and complex mineralogy, and most of nickel is present as …
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In this study, the concentration of nickel from low-grade laterite was carried out by magnetic separation. The ore was first calcinated and then processed by using a wet magnetic separator in order to recover nickel. Since, the ore contains both Ni and Fe, the calcination of laterite is effective in altering the crystalline structure of Fe ...
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The standard ferronickel for steelmaking has a wide range of compositions, from 5% to 25% Ni, Table 10.1. Solar et al. (2008) noted two trends in nickel laterites processing, one favoring high-grade ferronickel (35% to 40% Ni) and the other favoring lower grades (20% to 25% Ni). Because the ores processed vary widely in terms of nickel content and other …
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Nickel laterite is a mineral containing iron-nickel oxide compounds. There are three methods for processing nickel laterite, …
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Rotary kiln-electric furnace (RK-EF) process is the main pyrometallurgical route for ferronickel production from nickel laterite ores.Coal is used as a common fuel for calcination of nickel laterites in rotary kiln.Due to the depletion of high-quality coal with low impurity content, high-sulfur coal has been used as fuel in nickel laterite rotary kilns.
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The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and ...
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Flowsheet of Caron's process for processing of high iron limonitic laterite ores (Caron, 1950). The dotted box indicates the practices adopted in Yabulu, Australia (Kyle 2010). +12
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nickel ore having nickel less than 1.7% to recommenc e [20]. Together with the start of low-grade ferro- Together with the start of low-grade ferro- nickel production in Indonesia, many Indonesian ...
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The feasibility of a coupled process to prepare ferronickel and cementitious materials by the direct reduction of laterite nickel ore and gangue calcination, respectively, is discussed under ...
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According to the TGA/DSC and XRD results, the main reactions that occur during the calcination of the nickel laterite ore were identified as transformation of …
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Nickel slags can be produced through ferronickel preparation by the pyrometallurgical processing of laterite nickel ores; however, such techniques are underutilized at present, and serious environmental problems arise from the stockpiling of such nickel ores. In this study, a modification to the process of ferronickel preparation …
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In this work the thermodynamic behaviour of three Colombian lateritic mineral samples are described, with contents of 1.42%, 1.78% y 2.04% of nickel, when they are subjected to the calcination and ...
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This chapter describes the process involved in smelting of laterites ores for production of nickel. The first step of dewatering is followed by calcination. Dewatering …
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Abstract. Calcination and partial reduction at temperatures below 1000 °C is a primary step in pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel from laterites. Identifying the main reactions that occur during this process and investigating their kinetics provide valuable …
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RKEF process are presented. Keywords: laterite; smelting; RKEF process; low-grade ferro-nickel 1. Introduction According to a review published by Diaz et al., oxide-type nickel ores accounted for ...
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Drying, calcination, prereduction, and smelting are the main steps in conventional crude ferronickel production. Industrially, these steps are conducted using the rotary kiln-electric arc furnace (RKEF) process. In …
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Laterite nickel ore contains a large amount of free water and bound water, which needs to be removed by drying and calcination processes. In high temperature environment, nickel ore is reduced by ...
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The laterite ore from Sivrihisar was supplied by META Nickel Cobalt Co. Calcination experiments were conducted in an externally controlled muffle furnace. 700 o C and 40 minutes were determined as ...
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The mineral phase transformation and migration of valuable metals for various laterite ores during calcination process was investigated, as well the influences of mineral phases and chemical compositions on magnetic properties, separation efficiency, and nickel contents in separated laterite ore. ... Sc host minerals in limonitic and …
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Nickel laterite ore is used to produce nickel metal, predominantly to manufacture stainless steel as well as nickel sulfate, a key ingredient in the batteries that drive electric vehicles. Nickel laterite production is on the rise and surpassing conventional sulfide deposits. The efficiency of mining and processing nickel laterites is defined by …
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Reductive calcination–ammonia leaching is suitable for the treatment of ores containing high concentrations of Si, Mg, and Ni and ≥ 10% MgO. ... The acid cost of the nickel laterite ore treated by a wet process constitutes 20–40% of the total cost of the treatment. Pressurized acid leaching is appropriate for the treatment of the nickel ...
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In this experiment, hydrothermal method was used to treat laterite nickel ore without calcination process. Although these studies have nothing to do with this work, they are of reference significance to the subsequent researches on the separation of Ni, Co, Mg, Fe and other elements through pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes to ...
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1. S. Sarbishei, L. Tafaghodi Khajavi, Kinetic analysis on nickel laterite ore calcination using model-free and model-fitting methods, Minerals Engineering 136 (2019) 129-139. 2. S. Sarbishei, L. Tafaghodi Khajavi, The effect of sulfur content of rotary kiln fuel on the composition of nickel laterite calcine, Fuel 280 (2020) 118648. 3. S.
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The primary pyrometallurgical route to produce ferronickel from laterite nickel ores is the Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) process. In the RKEF process, minerals undergo calcination and partial reduction in a rotary kiln. Large amounts of mineral dust leave the kiln entrained in flue gases. Dust insufflation is a potential solution in ...
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process for ferronickel (iron-nickel alloy) production from nickel laterite ore is the rotary kiln-electric furnace (RK-EF) operations. Rotary kiln and electric furnace are two main …
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In this study, a calcination step at different temperatures has been employed to evaluate its benefit on the leachability of nickel from a low-grade …
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